Glycyrrhiza glabra
No one knows who
first discovered that the tangled, fleshy rhizomes of licorice possess
an intense sweetness. But evidence of licorice’s use is widespread in
ancient cultures. Archaeologists found bundles of licorice root sealed
inside the 3,000-year-old tomb of Tutankhamen, presumably so that in his
afterlife the Egyptian king could brew mai sus, a sweet drink still enjoyed in Egypt today. The species known to both the ancient Egyptians and the ancient Greeks was Glycyrrhiza glabra,
commonly called European licorice. The genus name comes from Greek
words meaning “sweet root.” But there was more to licorice’s appeal than
its sweetness. Licorice root was also prized medicinally, primarily as a
remedy for digestive and respiratory ailments.
Therapeutic Uses
Sore throat
Cough
Heartburn
Gastritis
This plant, better known as a candy and candy
flavoring, also has some medicinal properties. Thanks to its demulcent,
or tissue-coating, properties, licorice root can coat sore throats and
soothe coughs, heartburn, and gastritis. It is possible that the thick
mucilage from licorice provides the coating, or alternatively the body
may build up secretions in response to compounds in licorice. Scientists
have conducted a few research trials looking at combination products in
the treatment of indigestion and asthma and the topical treatment
of canker sores. A group of compounds in licorice, the triterpene
saponins, are responsible for the herb’s sweetness and possibly also for
its antiviral effects and its success in healing stomach ulcers.
How to Use
Lozenge: For sore throat, a licorice
lozenge used every few hours for several days allows the coating
properties of licorice to soothe inflamed tonsils and throats.
Tea: To soothe a nagging cough, especially
one due to an upper respiratory infection causing nasal drip, try a
decoction of licorice. Add 1 to 2 teaspoons chopped licorice root to 2
cups boiling water. Boil for 10 minutes. Strain, cool, and drink ½ cup 3
to 4 times a day for up to 1 week.
Tablets: Heartburn, gastritis, or related
conditions requiring licorice treatment for more than a week respond
well to deglycyrrhizinated licorice, or DGL, tablets, generally 1 to 2
380-mg tablets before meals and at bedtime.
Precautions
If taken for extended periods, a licorice compound
called glycyrrhizin can deplete the body’s potassium and raise blood
pressure. Generally, licorice is safe if taken for less than a week at
the doses listed above. For those with gastritis or heartburn needing
extended treatment, concerns about potassium and blood pressure can be
avoided by taking a DGL product. People taking blood thinners or blood
pressure medicines, people with high blood pressure, and people with
kidney or heart troubles should be cautious with any amount of licorice.
Licorice is not recommended during pregnancy or lactation.
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